Effective combination immunotherapy using oncolytic viruses to deliver CAR targets to solid tumors

Sci Transl Med. 2020 Sep 2;12(559):eaaz1863. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz1863.

Abstract

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cell therapy for solid tumors is limited by the lack of both tumor-restricted and homogeneously expressed tumor antigens. Therefore, we engineered an oncolytic virus to express a nonsignaling, truncated CD19 (CD19t) protein for tumor-selective delivery, enabling targeting by CD19-CAR T cells. Infecting tumor cells with an oncolytic vaccinia virus coding for CD19t (OV19t) produced de novo CD19 at the cell surface before virus-mediated tumor lysis. Cocultured CD19-CAR T cells secreted cytokines and exhibited potent cytolytic activity against infected tumors. Using several mouse tumor models, delivery of OV19t promoted tumor control after CD19-CAR T cell administration. OV19t induced local immunity characterized by tumor infiltration of endogenous and adoptively transferred T cells. CAR T cell-mediated tumor killing also induced release of virus from dying tumor cells, which propagated tumor expression of CD19t. Our study features a combination immunotherapy approach using oncolytic viruses to promote de novo CAR T cell targeting of solid tumors.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antigens, CD19
  • Immunotherapy
  • Immunotherapy, Adoptive
  • Mice
  • Neoplasms* / therapy
  • Oncolytic Viruses*
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell

Substances

  • Antigens, CD19
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell