Abstract
Rnd proteins constitute a subfamily of Rho GTPases represented in mammals by Rnd1, Rnd2 and Rnd3. Despite their GTPase structure, their specific feature is the inability to hydrolyse GTP-bound nucleotide. This aspect makes them atypical among Rho GTPases. Rnds are regulated for their expression at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional levels and they are activated through post-translational modifications and interactions with other proteins. Rnd proteins are mainly involved in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and cell proliferation. Whereas Rnd3 is ubiquitously expressed, Rnd1 and 2 are tissue-specific. Increasing data has described their important role during development and diseases. Herein, we describe their involvement in physiological and pathological conditions with a focus on the neuronal and vascular systems, and summarize their implications in tumorigenesis.
Keywords:
Rnd; cancer; neuronal system; pathophysiology; vascular system.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Humans
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Neoplasms / enzymology
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Neoplasms / physiopathology*
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Nervous System Diseases / enzymology
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Nervous System Diseases / physiopathology*
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Vascular Diseases / enzymology
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Vascular Diseases / physiopathology*
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rho GTP-Binding Proteins / metabolism*
Substances
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RND1 protein, human
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RND2 protein, human
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RND3 protein, human
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rho GTP-Binding Proteins
Grants and funding
SB is supported by a post-doctoral fellowship from Fondation ARC. RA is supported by Rita Levi Montalcini funding from MIUR (Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research). EP’s work was supported by ANR (ANR-19-CE16-0014-01). VM’s work was supported by grants from La Ligue contre le Cancer comité de Gironde and from Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (équipe FRM 2018); Agence Nationale de la Recherche[ANR-19-CE16-0014-01]; Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer; Ligue Contre le Cancer [Comité Gironde]; Rita Levi Montalcini.