1 Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. hmkang@umich.edu.
2 Biological and Medical Informatics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
3 Institute for Human Genetics (IHG), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
4 Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
5 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
6 Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
7 Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
8 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
9 Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
10 Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
11 Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
12 Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
13 Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
14 Rosalind Russell/Ephraim P Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
15 Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
16 UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
17 Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA.
18 Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
19 Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.
20 Institute for Human Genetics (IHG), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. jimmie.ye@ucsf.edu.
21 Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. jimmie.ye@ucsf.edu.
22 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. jimmie.ye@ucsf.edu.
23 Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. jimmie.ye@ucsf.edu.