Ofatumumab, Etoposide, and Cytarabine Intensive Mobilization Regimen in Patients with High-risk Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Undergoing Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation

Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2021 Apr;21(4):246-256.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.clml.2020.11.005. Epub 2020 Nov 11.

Abstract

Background: More than one-half of high-risk patients with relapsed/refractory (rr) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) relapse after autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (auto-HCT). In this phase II study, we investigate the long-term outcomes of high-risk patients with rrDLBCL receiving intensive consolidation therapy (ICT) with OVA (ofatumumab, etoposide, and high-dose cytarabine) prior to auto-HCT.

Patients and methods: The primary endpoints were the ability of OVA to mobilize peripheral stem cells and the 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate following OVA. Secondary endpoints included safety, 2-year overall survival (OS), impact of cell of origin (COO), and the prognostic utility of next-generation sequencing minimal residual disease (MRD) testing. We simultaneously retrospectively assessed the outcomes of DLBCL patients who underwent ICT with a similar regimen at our institution.

Results: Twenty-seven patients received salvage chemotherapy, with a response rate of 25% in patients with germinal center B-cell (GCB)-DLBCL versus 92% in patients with non-GCB-DLBCL (P = .003). Nineteen responding patients underwent ICT with OVA (100% successful stem cell mobilization). The 2-year PFS and OS rate was 47% and 59%, respectively, with no difference based on COO. Similar findings were observed when the study and retrospective cohorts were combined. Neutropenia was the most common toxicity (47%). MRD-negative patients at the completion of salvage had a median OS of not reached versus 3.5 months in MRD-positive patients (P = .02).

Conclusions: OVA followed by auto-HCT is effective and safe for high-risk rrDLBCL. Patients with GCB-DLBCL had a lower response to salvage chemotherapy, but no difference in outcomes based on COO was seen after auto-HCT. MRD testing in the relapsed setting was predictive of long-term survival.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03267433 NCT03570892 NCT03575351 NCT03391466.

Keywords: Auto-HCT; Cell of origin; MRD; OVA; Relapsed/refractory high-risk DLBCL.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / administration & dosage
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / adverse effects
  • Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / administration & dosage
  • Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / adverse effects
  • Cytarabine / administration & dosage
  • Cytarabine / adverse effects
  • Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
  • Etoposide / administration & dosage
  • Etoposide / adverse effects
  • Female
  • Germinal Center / pathology
  • Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation*
  • Humans
  • Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / mortality
  • Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / pathology
  • Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / therapy*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / mortality
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / pathology
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / therapy*
  • Neoplasm, Residual
  • Prognosis
  • Progression-Free Survival
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Salvage Therapy / adverse effects
  • Salvage Therapy / methods*
  • Survival Rate
  • Transplantation, Autologous / methods

Substances

  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
  • Cytarabine
  • Etoposide
  • ofatumumab

Associated data

  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT03267433
  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT03570892
  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT03575351
  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT03391466