Upon ageing, hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells harboring acquired leukemia-associated mutations may expand clonally and become detectable in peripheral blood. So-called clonal hematopoiesis may be detected in 5-55% of (otherwise healthy) individuals aged ≥ 70 years. Clonal hematopoiesis is associated with a higher risk of developing hematological neoplasms, although most individuals never develop malignant disease. Surprisingly, clonal hematopoiesis is also recognized as a new cardiovascular risk factor. Specific patient categories may be at higher risk for the consequences of clonal hematopoiesis. For future risk stratification, there is a need to distinguish high-risk clonal hematopoiesis from 'physiological' ageing processes. In this article we summarize current knowledge on clonal hematopoiesis and its clinical implications. Given the widespread application of next-generation sequencing in routine diagnostics, multidisciplinary recommendations for clinical management of individuals with detected clonal hematopoiesis should be developed.