Can Optimum Solar Radiation Exposure or Supplemented Vitamin D Intake Reduce the Severity of COVID-19 Symptoms?

Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 16;18(2):740. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18020740.

Abstract

The foremost mortality-causing symptom associated with COVID-19 is acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A significant correlation has been identified between the deficiency in vitamin D and the risk of developing ARDS. It has been suggested that if we can reduce or modify ARDS in COVID-19 patients, we may significantly reduce the severity of COVID-19 symptoms and associated mortality rates. The increased mortality of dark-skinned people, who have a reduced UV absorption capacity, may be consistent with diminished vitamin D status. The factors associated with COVID-19 mortality, such as old age, ethnicity, obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes, are all found to be linked with vitamin D deficiency. Based on this review and as a precautionary measure, it is suggested that the adoption of appropriate and safe solar exposure and vitamin D enriched foods and supplements should be considered to reduce the possible severity of COVID-19 symptoms. Safe sun exposure is deemed beneficial globally, specifically in low and middle-income countries, as there is no cost involved. It is also noted that improved solar exposure and vitamin D levels can reduce the impact of other diseases as well, thus assisting in maintaining general human well-being.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI); calcifediol; calcitriol; coronavirus; environment; human health; infectious disease; pandemic.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • COVID-19 / prevention & control
  • COVID-19 / therapy*
  • Humans
  • Respiratory Distress Syndrome / prevention & control
  • Respiratory Distress Syndrome / therapy
  • Sunlight*
  • Vitamin D / therapeutic use*
  • Vitamin D Deficiency / epidemiology
  • Vitamin D Deficiency / prevention & control

Substances

  • Vitamin D