MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis

Nat Commun. 2021 Jan 20;12(1):470. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20790-0.

Abstract

Healthy aging can be promoted by enhanced metabolic fitness and physical capacity. Mitochondria are chief metabolic organelles with strong implications in aging that also coordinate broad physiological functions, in part, using peptides that are encoded within their independent genome. However, mitochondrial-encoded factors that actively regulate aging are unknown. Here, we report that mitochondrial-encoded MOTS-c can significantly enhance physical performance in young (2 mo.), middle-age (12 mo.), and old (22 mo.) mice. MOTS-c can regulate (i) nuclear genes, including those related to metabolism and proteostasis, (ii) skeletal muscle metabolism, and (iii) myoblast adaptation to metabolic stress. We provide evidence that late-life (23.5 mo.) initiated intermittent MOTS-c treatment (3x/week) can increase physical capacity and healthspan in mice. In humans, exercise induces endogenous MOTS-c expression in skeletal muscle and in circulation. Our data indicate that aging is regulated by genes encoded in both of our co-evolved mitochondrial and nuclear genomes.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aging / genetics*
  • Animals
  • Cell Line
  • Cell Nucleus
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • Homeostasis / physiology*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Metabolomics
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mitochondria / metabolism*
  • Mitochondria, Muscle / metabolism
  • Mitochondrial Proteins / genetics*
  • Mitochondrial Proteins / metabolism*
  • Muscle, Skeletal / metabolism*
  • Myoblasts / metabolism
  • Stress, Physiological
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • MOTS-c peptide, human
  • Mitochondrial Proteins