Objective: This review discusses the impact of the neuro-hormone melatonin on skeletal muscle disorders based on recent literature data with the aim to clarify the utility of the melatonin therapy in patients affected by muscle diseases.
Materials and methods: It has been pointed out the possible role of melatonin as a food supplement to cure muscular disorders characterized by muscle wasting. Oxidative damage has been proposed as one of the major contributors of the skeletal muscle decline occurring both in physiological and pathological conditions. It is known that excessive oxidant levels lead to mitochondrial damage, and in turn, contribute to apoptotic signaling activation and autophagic impairment. This condition is common in a variety of skeletal muscle disorders.
Results: The scientific evidence enhances the antioxidant effect of melatonin, that has been demonstrated by several studies both in vitro and in vivo. This effect counteracts mitochondrial impairments and reduces oxidative stress and autophagic alterations in muscle fibers. Its beneficial role in restoring muscle decline, takes place mainly in atrophic conditions correlated to muscle aging.
Conclusions: The findings of the research suggest that melatonin may be considered as a valid dietary supplement, useful to prevent muscle wasting, in particular, in sarcopenia-associated diseases.