Relationship Between Nutritional Status and Quality of Life in Patients with Lung Cancer

Jacek Polański; Beata Jankowska-Polańska; Grzegorz Mazur

doi:10.2147/CMAR.S287551

Relationship Between Nutritional Status and Quality of Life in Patients with Lung Cancer

Cancer Manag Res. 2021 Feb 12:13:1407-1416. doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S287551. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Jacek Polański¹, Beata Jankowska-Polańska², Grzegorz Mazur¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, 50-367, Poland.
² Department of Clinical Nursing, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, 50-367, Poland.

Abstract

Introduction: Malnutrition is often co-occur in patients with advanced cancer and are associated with poorer response to treatment therapy and decrease significantly the quality of life (QoL). There is little evidence regarding the relationship between nutritional status and QoL in this patient group.

Purpose of the study: To assess the relationship between nutritional status and QoL in patients with lung cancer.

Methods: Our cross-sectional, descriptive study included 310 patients. Only standardized instruments were used to perform the study: Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) to assess nutritional status and The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core-30 (EORTC-QLQ-C30) and Lung Cancer-13 (LC-13) to assess the QoL.

Results: The mean age in the study group was 63.77±9.43. 18.71% of patients were malnourished 44.19% at risk of malnutrition and 37.1% of patients had normal nutritional status. Clinical characteristics showed that 75% of respondents had been diagnosed with non-small-cell lung carcinoma, with an average duration of illness of 1-2 years. Nearly all patients received symptomatic treatment, and one in two had undergone surgery. At subsequent stages, QoL was analyzed in three groups depending on nutritional status risk. Malnourished patients had a lower quality of life and greater severity of cancer symptoms than those with a normal nutritional status (p<0.001). In regression analysis, nutritional status has a significant impact on all QLQ-C30 functional scales. Regression parameters are positive, indicating that better nutritional status is associated with better functioning in specific QLQ domains.

Conclusion: A considerable proportion of lung cancer patients are either malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. Malnutrition correlates negatively with QoL and increases symptom severity. Malnutrition is an independent determinant of lower QoL.

Implications for practice: Nutritional assessment should be accompanied by QoL evaluation, so that nutritional interventions can be optimized based on a patient's individual requirements.

Keywords: lung cancer; malnutrition; quality of life.