Insulin action in adipocytes, adipose remodeling, and systemic effects

Cell Metab. 2021 Apr 6;33(4):748-757. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.03.019.

Abstract

On this 100th anniversary of the discovery of insulin, we recognize the critical role that adipocytes, which are exquisitely responsive to insulin, have played in determining the mechanisms for insulin action at the cellular level. Our understanding of adipose tissue biology has evolved greatly, and it is now clear that adipocytes are far more complicated than simple storage depots for fat. A growing body of evidence documents how adipocytes, in response to insulin, contribute to the control of whole-body nutrient homeostasis. These advances highlight adipocyte plasticity, heterogeneity, and endocrine function, unique features that connect adipocyte metabolism to the regulation of other tissues important for metabolic homeostasis (e.g., liver, muscle, pancreas).

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adipocytes / metabolism*
  • Animals
  • Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors / metabolism
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / metabolism
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / pathology
  • Energy Metabolism
  • Glucose / metabolism
  • Glucose Transporter Type 4 / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Insulin / metabolism*
  • Insulin Resistance

Substances

  • Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors
  • Glucose Transporter Type 4
  • Insulin
  • Glucose