Impact of time from symptom onset to operation on outcome of repair of acute type A aortic dissection with malperfusion

Chikashi Nakai; So Izumi; Tomonori Haraguchi; Soichiro Henmi; Shinichi Nakayama; Takahisa Mikami; Takuro Tsukube

doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.03.102

Impact of time from symptom onset to operation on outcome of repair of acute type A aortic dissection with malperfusion

J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2023 Mar;165(3):984-991.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.03.102. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Authors

Chikashi Nakai¹, So Izumi¹, Tomonori Haraguchi¹, Soichiro Henmi¹, Shinichi Nakayama², Takahisa Mikami³, Takuro Tsukube⁴

Affiliations

¹ Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Kobe Hospital and Hyogo Emergency Medical Center, Kobe, Japan.
² Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo Emergency Medical Center, Kobe, Japan.
³ Department of Neurology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Mass.
⁴ Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Kobe Hospital and Hyogo Emergency Medical Center, Kobe, Japan. Electronic address: t-tsukube@kobe.jrc.or.jp.

PMID: 33941373
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.03.102

Abstract

Objectives: We analyzed patients with acute type A aortic dissection complicated by malperfusion syndrome to establish whether the timing of operative treatment and the location of malperfusion are factors in determining outcomes.

Methods: A total of 331 patients with acute type A aortic dissection were treated surgically between August 2003 and May 2019. Eighty-four patients (25%) presented with preoperative malperfusion syndrome. Fifty-eight patients with malperfusion syndrome (69%) were transferred to the operating room within 5 hours of the onset of symptoms (immediate repair); 26 patients (31%) were transferred after 5 hours (later repair). We analyzed the effects of immediate aortic repair on surgical outcomes.

Results: There was no significant difference in the early mortality rates between patients with immediate and later aortic repair, which were 20.0% (n = 11/58) and 26.9% (n = 7/19), respectively (P = .12). Preoperative coronary malperfusion was the only predictor of early mortality. The cumulative 5-year survivals of patients with malperfusion syndrome in the immediate and later repair groups were 76.7% and 45.4%, respectively. A significant difference was noted in the long-term outcomes between the 2 groups (P = .02). On multivariable Cox survival analysis, coronary malperfusion and shock on arrival were associated with increased long-term mortality (P < .01 and P = .04). Conducting surgery within 5 hours of the onset of symptoms was a significant predictor of favorable long-term outcome (P = .03).

Conclusions: Although preoperative coronary malperfusion and shock on arrival worsened the long-term outcomes in patients undergoing aortic repair for acute type A aortic dissection with preoperative malperfusion syndrome, conducting an operation within 5 hours of the onset of symptoms significantly improved their long-term outcomes.

Keywords: acute type A aortic dissection; malperfusion syndrome; timing of operation.

MeSH terms

Acute Disease
Aortic Dissection* / complications
Aortic Dissection* / diagnostic imaging
Aortic Dissection* / surgery
Humans
Retrospective Studies
Risk Factors
Shock*
Time Factors
Treatment Outcome
Vascular Surgical Procedures / adverse effects