Structures of the human cholecystokinin 1 (CCK1) receptor bound to Gs and Gq mimetic proteins provide insight into mechanisms of G protein selectivity

PLoS Biol. 2021 Jun 4;19(6):e3001295. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001295. eCollection 2021 Jun.

Abstract

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are critical regulators of cellular function acting via heterotrimeric G proteins as their primary transducers with individual GPCRs capable of pleiotropic coupling to multiple G proteins. Structural features governing G protein selectivity and promiscuity are currently unclear. Here, we used cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to determine structures of the cholecystokinin (CCK) type 1 receptor (CCK1R) bound to the CCK peptide agonist, CCK-8 and 2 distinct transducer proteins, its primary transducer Gq, and the more weakly coupled Gs. As seen with other Gq/11-GPCR complexes, the Gq-α5 helix (αH5) bound to a relatively narrow pocket in the CCK1R core. Surprisingly, the backbone of the CCK1R and volume of the G protein binding pocket were essentially equivalent when Gs was bound, with the Gs αH5 displaying a conformation that arises from "unwinding" of the far carboxyl-terminal residues, compared to canonically Gs coupled receptors. Thus, integrated changes in the conformations of both the receptor and G protein are likely to play critical roles in the promiscuous coupling of individual GPCRs.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Cholecystokinin / metabolism
  • Cholesterol / metabolism
  • GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11 / chemistry
  • GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11 / metabolism*
  • GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11 / ultrastructure
  • GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs / chemistry
  • GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs / metabolism*
  • GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs / ultrastructure
  • HEK293 Cells
  • Humans
  • Models, Molecular
  • Protein Binding
  • Receptors, Cholecystokinin / chemistry*
  • Receptors, Cholecystokinin / metabolism*
  • Receptors, Cholecystokinin / ultrastructure
  • Signal Transduction

Substances

  • Receptors, Cholecystokinin
  • Cholecystokinin
  • Cholesterol
  • GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11
  • GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs