A Fast Approach to Removing Muscle Artifacts for EEG with Signal Serialization Based Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition

Yangyang Dai; Feng Duan; Fan Feng; Zhe Sun; Yu Zhang; Cesar F Caiafa; Pere Marti-Puig; Jordi Solé-Casals

doi:10.3390/e23091170

A Fast Approach to Removing Muscle Artifacts for EEG with Signal Serialization Based Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition

Entropy (Basel). 2021 Sep 6;23(9):1170. doi: 10.3390/e23091170.

Authors

Yangyang Dai¹, Feng Duan¹, Fan Feng¹, Zhe Sun², Yu Zhang³, Cesar F Caiafa^{1

4}, Pere Marti-Puig⁵, Jordi Solé-Casals^{1

5}

Affiliations

¹ College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
² Computational Engineering Applications Unit, Head Office for Information Systems and Cybersecurity, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan.
³ Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University Bethlehem, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
⁴ Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía-CCT La Plata, CONICET/CIC-PBA/UNLP, Villa Elisa 1894, Argentina.
⁵ Data and Signal Processing Research Group, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Vic, Catalonia, Spain.

Abstract

An electroencephalogram (EEG) is an electrophysiological signal reflecting the functional state of the brain. As the control signal of the brain-computer interface (BCI), EEG may build a bridge between humans and computers to improve the life quality for patients with movement disorders. The collected EEG signals are extremely susceptible to the contamination of electromyography (EMG) artifacts, affecting their original characteristics. Therefore, EEG denoising is an essential preprocessing step in any BCI system. Previous studies have confirmed that the combination of ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) can effectively suppress EMG artifacts. However, the time-consuming iterative process of EEMD may limit the application of the EEMD-CCA method in real-time monitoring of BCI. Compared with the existing EEMD, the recently proposed signal serialization based EEMD (sEEMD) is a good choice to provide effective signal analysis and fast mode decomposition. In this study, an EMG denoising method based on sEEMD and CCA is discussed. All of the analyses are carried out on semi-simulated data. The results show that, in terms of frequency and amplitude, the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) decomposed by sEEMD are consistent with the IMFs obtained by EEMD. There is no significant difference in the ability to separate EMG artifacts from EEG signals between the sEEMD-CCA method and the EEMD-CCA method (p > 0.05). Even in the case of heavy contamination (signal-to-noise ratio is less than 2 dB), the relative root mean squared error is about 0.3, and the average correlation coefficient remains above 0.9. The running speed of the sEEMD-CCA method to remove EMG artifacts is significantly improved in comparison with that of EEMD-CCA method (p < 0.05). The running time of the sEEMD-CCA method for three lengths of semi-simulated data is shortened by more than 50%. This indicates that sEEMD-CCA is a promising tool for EMG artifact removal in real-time BCI systems.

Keywords: CCA; EEG; EEMD; EMG artifact rejection; signal serialization.