Background: The discovery of humanin (HN/MTRNR2) 20 years ago blazed a trail to identifying mitochondrial derived peptides with biological function.
Scope: Humanin is associated with pro-survival, cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative properties and may play a role in reducing neurodegenerative and metabolic disease progression. Although the role of humanin in vitro and in vivo laboratory models is well characterized, the regulation of humanin in natural models that encounter lethal cytotoxic and oxidative insults, as part of their natural history, require immediate research. In this review, we discuss the conservation of humanin-homologues across champion hibernators, anoxia and freeze-tolerant vertebrates and postulate on the putative roles of humanin in non-model species.
Significance: We hope characterization of humanin in animals that are naturally immune to cellular insults, that are otherwise lethal for non-tolerant species, will elucidate key biomarkers and cytoprotective pathways with therapeutic potential and help differentiate pro-survival mechanisms from cellular consequences of stress.
Keywords: Anoxia; Cytoprotection; Hibernation; Humanin; Mitochondrial-derived peptides; Stress tolerance.
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