Patterns of Perineural Skull Base Tumor Extension from Extracranial Tumors

Abstract

Perineural extension is an increasingly recognized pathway of extension of cutaneous, mucosal, and salivary gland neoplasms associated with a severe adverse prognosis. Imaging identification is feasible by MR imaging 3-dimensional contrast-enhanced submillimetric sequences. The trigeminal nerve branches and facial nerve are the most commonly involved. PET with computed tomography may aid in the identification of the primary tumor location or recognition of recurrence, but only in conjunction with MR imaging does it achieve similar detection rates for perineural extension. Computed tomography scanning is an adjunct to MR imaging to increase specificity and for surgical treatment planning.

Keywords: 3D MR submillimetric sequences; Facial-trigeminal nerve anastomoses; Head and neck malignancy; Perineural invasion and extension; Skull base.