1 Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
2 Centre National de Référence des Maladies Auto-Immunes et Systémiques Rares, Est/Sud-Ouest (RESO), Strasbourg, France.
3 Service de Rhumatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
4 Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. gtsokos@bidmc.harvard.edu.
In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, a short supply of aspartate in the mitochondria can force the endoplasmic reticulum of T cells to generate transmembrane TNF, which in turn contributes to synovial inflammation.