Advanced analytic techniques, such as ribosome profiling and mass spectrometry, as well as improved bioinformatics technology, have promoted the field of genome annotation forward and have identified thousands of likely coding short open reading frames (sORFs) in the human genome. The discovery of sORFs and their products allows us to realize that the complexity of the human genome is far greater than previously assumed. Here, we provide a review of human micropeptides encoded by various transcripts such as mitochondrial rRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs, upstream of mRNAs, and so on.
Keywords: human genome; micropeptides; sORFs.