HIV UTR, LTR, and Epigenetic Immunity

Viruses. 2022 May 18;14(5):1084. doi: 10.3390/v14051084.

Abstract

The duel between humans and viruses is unending. In this review, we examine the HIV RNA in the form of un-translated terminal region (UTR), the viral DNA in the form of long terminal repeat (LTR), and the immunity of human DNA in a format of epigenetic regulation. We explore the ways in which the human immune responses to invading pathogenic viral nucleic acids can inhibit HIV infection, exemplified by a chromatin vaccine (cVaccine) to elicit the immunity of our genome-epigenetic immunity towards a cure.

Keywords: HIV; chromatin vaccine (cVaccine); cure; epigenetics; super enhancer.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Chromatin
  • Epigenesis, Genetic
  • HIV Infections*
  • HIV Long Terminal Repeat / genetics
  • HIV-1* / genetics
  • Humans

Substances

  • Chromatin

Grants and funding

This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sector.