Current Status of Our Understanding for Brain Integrated Functions and its Energetics

Neurochem Res. 2022 Sep;47(9):2499-2512. doi: 10.1007/s11064-022-03633-w. Epub 2022 Jun 11.

Abstract

Human/animal brain is a unique organ with substantially high metabolism but it contains no energy reserve that is the reason it requires continuous supply of O2 and energy fluxes through CBF. The main source of energy remains glucose as the other biomolecules do not able to cross the blood-brain barrier. The speed of glucose metabolism is heterogeneous throughout the brain. One of the major flux consumption is Neuron-astrocyte cycling of glutamate and glutamine in glutamatergic neurons (approximately 80% of glucose metabolism in brain). The quantification of cellular glucose and other related substrate in resting, activated state can be analyzed through [18 F]FDG -positron-emission tomography (studying CMRglc) and [13 C/31P -MRS: for neuroenergetics & neurotransmitter cycling &31P-MRS: for energy induction & redox state). Merging basic in vitro studies with these techniques will help to develop new treatment paradigms for human brain diseased conditions.

Keywords: Glucose metabolism; MRS; Neuroenergetics; PET; [18F]FDG.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Brain* / metabolism
  • Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
  • Glucose / metabolism
  • Glutamic Acid* / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Neurons / metabolism
  • Positron-Emission Tomography

Substances

  • Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
  • Glutamic Acid
  • Glucose