C-reactive protein provides superior prognostic accuracy than the IMDC risk model in renal cell carcinoma treated with Atezolizumab/Bevacizumab

Ahmad Y Abuhelwa; Joaquim Bellmunt; Ganessan Kichenadasse; Ross A McKinnon; Andrew Rowland; Michael J Sorich; Ashley M Hopkins

doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.918993

C-reactive protein provides superior prognostic accuracy than the IMDC risk model in renal cell carcinoma treated with Atezolizumab/Bevacizumab

Front Oncol. 2022 Aug 1:12:918993. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.918993. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Ahmad Y Abuhelwa¹, Joaquim Bellmunt², Ganessan Kichenadasse^{1

3}, Ross A McKinnon¹, Andrew Rowland¹, Michael J Sorich¹, Ashley M Hopkins¹

Affiliations

¹ College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
² Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
³ Department of Medical Oncology, Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia.

Abstract

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is the main treatment option for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC); however, significant heterogeneity in response is commonly observed. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of C-reactive protein (CRP) to predict overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with mRCC treated with immunotherapy.

Patients and methods: Data from patients with mRCC treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in the IMmotion150 and IMmotion151 trials were pooled. Cox proportional regression was used to model prognostic associations. The relative importance of CRP against International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium (IMDC) factors was confirmed using machine learning.

Results: CRPs were available from 527 patients (mean[range] CRP, 6.3[0.21-340]mg/L). Elevated CRP was significantly associated with worse OS (HR[95%CI], 1.71[1.54-1.90], p<0.001) and PFS (1.27[1.18-1.35], p<0.001). CRP was the most prognostic factor for survival within the available clinicopathological data. The prognostic performance of CRP was superior to IMDC model for OS (CRP c=0.76, IMDC c=0.67, p<0.001) and PFS (CRP OS c=0.62, IMDC c=0.59, p=0.03). Predicted 2-year OS probabilities for patients with CRP values of 0.5, 5, 40, and 150 mg/L were 96%, 73%, 42%, and 23%, respectively.

Conclusions: CRP is a powerful prognostic marker for survival, and its prognostic value was superior to the IMDC risk model. This study highlights that CRP could be implemented as stratification factor for mRCC immunotherapy trials and potentially as an easy-to-use prognostic tool in the clinic.

Keywords: C-reactive protein; IMDC model; immunotherapy; renal cell carcinoma; survival prognosis.