Interobserver reliability of a recently proposed semiological classification in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures in children

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study is to examine the semiological features of Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures (PNES) in children and to evaluate interobserver reliability (IR) of two different classifications. to identify the sources of any variance in agreement and to estimate the IR of the classification systems METHODS: Semiological features of 137 pediatric patients with PNES with and without epilepsy were analyzed. Two different, blinded observers evaluated these semiological features according to A. Asadi-Pooya and Seneviratne et al. classifications. The interobserver reliability was measured using a kappa (κ) coefficient for each PNES classification.

Results: The mean age of patients with PNES was 14.3 (SD: 2.9) years. Ninety five patients were female (69.3 %), 42 were male (30.6 %). Ictal eye closure (n:109, 79.5 %), was the most common seizure semiology. Asymmetric limb movements (n: 71, 51.8 %), motor phenomenon lasting> two minutes (n:69, 50.3 %), and closed mouth (n:53, 38.6 %) were other common seizure semiologies of PNES. Kappa value was higher in A. Asadi-Pooya classification than Seneviratne classification (k = 0.697 and k = 0.433; p < 0.05). Kappa values were higher in the motor and non-motor categories of A. Asadi-Pooya classification than in the mixed category (k = 0.713, k = 0.799 and k = 0.455; p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The added value of the new classification scheme with respect to uniform application by experienced pediatric neurologists seems to be reliable and influential, as interobserver reliability of the new classification system was higher than the early classification. Our findings suggest that a simple but comprehensive classification would be useful in the management of PNES.

Keywords: Children; Classification; PNES; Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures.