On the basis of a general clinical assessment of 204 patients they were divided into 2 groups: with neurosis (80 cases) and psychopathy (124 cases). In a classification with the aid of a computer, the most informative differential signs appeared to be not the genetical, but situational and clinical: incomplete homes, neurotical and psychopathical traits in childhood and in the premorbid personality, explosive and hyposocial traits in the mental state. Treatment with tranquillizers increased the mistake in an automatical classification.