ATG9A prevents TNF cytotoxicity by an unconventional lysosomal targeting pathway

Science. 2022 Dec 16;378(6625):1201-1207. doi: 10.1126/science.add6967. Epub 2022 Dec 15.

Abstract

Cell death induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) can be beneficial during infection by helping to mount proper immune responses. However, TNF-induced death can also drive a variety of inflammatory pathologies. Protectives brakes, or cell-death checkpoints, normally repress TNF cytotoxicity to protect the organism from its potential detrimental consequences. Thus, although TNF can kill, this only occurs when one of the checkpoints is inactivated. Here, we describe a checkpoint that prevents apoptosis through the detoxification of the cytotoxic complex IIa that forms upon TNF sensing. We found that autophagy-related 9A (ATG9A) and 200kD FAK family kinase-interacting protein (FIP200) promote the degradation of this complex through a light chain 3 (LC3)-independent lysosomal targeting pathway. This detoxification mechanism was found to counteract TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1)-mediated embryonic lethality and inflammatory skin disease in mouse models.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Apoptosis*
  • Autophagy-Related Proteins* / genetics
  • Autophagy-Related Proteins* / metabolism
  • Dermatitis / genetics
  • Dermatitis / metabolism
  • Dermatitis / pathology
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Embryo Loss / genetics
  • Embryo Loss / metabolism
  • Embryo Loss / pathology
  • Lysosomes / metabolism
  • Membrane Proteins* / genetics
  • Membrane Proteins* / metabolism
  • Mice
  • Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha* / metabolism
  • Vesicular Transport Proteins* / genetics
  • Vesicular Transport Proteins* / metabolism

Substances

  • Atg9A protein, mouse
  • Autophagy-Related Proteins
  • Membrane Proteins
  • Rb1cc1 protein, mouse
  • Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
  • Vesicular Transport Proteins