Lactate is useful for the efficient replication of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in cell culture

Nile Wuri; Hongchao Gou; Bin Zhang; Menglu Wang; Songqi Wang; Weixiao Zhang; Haiyan He; Xuelei Fan; Chunhong Zhang; Zhicheng Liu; Letu Geri; Haiyan Shen; Jianfeng Zhang

doi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1116695

Lactate is useful for the efficient replication of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in cell culture

Front Vet Sci. 2023 Feb 13:10:1116695. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1116695. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Nile Wuri^{1

2}, Hongchao Gou^{1

3}, Bin Zhang^{1

2}, Menglu Wang^{1

4}, Songqi Wang^{1

4}, Weixiao Zhang^{1

4}, Haiyan He^{1

2}, Xuelei Fan^{1

4}, Chunhong Zhang^{1

3}, Zhicheng Liu^{1

3}, Letu Geri², Haiyan Shen^{1

3}, Jianfeng Zhang^{1

3}

Affiliations

¹ Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
² College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
³ Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Maoming, China.
⁴ College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.

Abstract

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a deadly pathogen infecting pig herds, and has caused significant economic losses around the world. Vaccination remains the most effective way of keeping the PEDV epidemic under control. Previous studies have shown that the host metabolism has a significant impact on viral replication. In this study, we have demonstrated that two substrates of metabolic pathway, glucose and glutamine, play a key role in PEDV replication. Interestingly, the boosting effect of these compounds toward viral replication appeared to be dose-independent. Furthermore, we found that lactate, which is a downstream metabolite, promotes PEDV replication, even when added in excess to the cell culture medium. Moreover, the role of lactate in promoting PEDV was independent of the genotype of PEDV and the multiplicity of infection (MOI). Our findings suggest that lactate is a promising candidate for use as a cell culture additive for promoting PEDV replication. It could improve the efficiency of vaccine production and provide the basis for designing novel antiviral strategies.

Keywords: glucose; glutamine; lactate; metabolites; porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.

Grants and funding

This work was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (grant number 2022YFD1800804-06), the open competition program of top ten critical priorities of Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation for the 14th Five-Year Plan of Guangdong Province (grant number 2022SDZG02), Start-up Research Project of Maoming Laboratory (grant number 2021TDQD002), the Special Fund for Scientific Innovation Strategy-Construction of High Level Academy of Agriculture Science-Prominent Talents (grant number R2020PY-JC001), the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China (grant numbers 202103000096, 2020A1515010950, and 2021A1515011125), the Independent Research and Development Projects of Maoming Laboratory (grant number 2022KF010), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 31302101).