After taking the lifetime migraine headache histories of 116 patients with major depressive disorder, the authors compared the prevalence of migraine headaches in these depressed patients with the prevalence of migraine reported in four community surveys. There was a trend for the depressed men to experience a higher prevalence of migraine than men in the general population, but the depressed women had a migraine prevalence similar to that of women in the general population. No differences on multiple variables of depressive illness were found between depressed patients with a history of migraine and those with none.