Abstract
The apical ectodermal ridge permits growth and elongation of amniote limb buds; removal causes rapid changes in mesodermal gene expression, patterned cell death, and truncation of the limb. Ectopic fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 supplied to the chick apical bud mesoderm after ridge removal will sustain normal gene expression and cell viability, and allow relatively normal limb development. A bioassay for FGFs demonstrated that FGF-2 was the only detectable FGF in chick limb bud extracts. By distribution and bioactivity, FGF-2 is the prime candidate for the chick limb bud apical ridge growth signal.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Biological Assay
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Cell Death
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Cell Differentiation
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Cell Line
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Cell Survival
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Chick Embryo
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DNA-Binding Proteins / genetics
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Ectoderm / chemistry
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Ectoderm / physiology*
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Extremities / embryology*
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Fibroblast Growth Factors / analysis
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Fibroblast Growth Factors / metabolism
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Fibroblast Growth Factors / pharmacology
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Fibroblast Growth Factors / physiology*
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Gene Expression
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Genes, Homeobox
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Homeodomain Proteins*
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Humans
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MSX1 Transcription Factor
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Mesoderm / cytology*
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Mesoderm / metabolism
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Muscles / cytology
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Recombinant Proteins / metabolism
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Recombinant Proteins / pharmacology
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Transcription Factors*
Substances
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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Homeodomain Proteins
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MSX1 Transcription Factor
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Recombinant Proteins
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Transcription Factors
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Fibroblast Growth Factors