The representation of the surfaces of the trunk was mapped in detail in a series of anesthetized adult female rats to assess cortical representational changes that might be induced in the SI cortical field by a major natural source of a differentially heavy schedule of tactile inputs: the stimulation of the rat ventrum in nursing behavior. Controls included virgin rats and postpartum age-matched rats whose litters were removed on the day of birth. The SI representation of the ventral trunk skin of lactating rats was about 1.6 x larger than in matched postpartum nonlactating or virgin controls. The greatest representational change--about twofold--was for the nipple-bearing skin between the forelimbs and hindlimbs. Indeed, changes in SI representational territory for the middle third of the ventrum, a skin zone without nipples, were not significant. As a rule, the representation of the ventrum skin in lactating rats was at least as topographically ordered as was that reconstructed for nonlactating postpartum and virgin controls. Receptive fields (RFs) representing the ventrum skin in lactating females were about one-third the sizes of those recorded in matched nonlactating or virgin controls. RF size differences were again greater for the representation of the nipple-bearing skin in the anterior and posterior thirds of the ventrum than for the central third. Changes in RF sizes were roughly inversely related to changes in the cortical magnification of representation of the ventrum on the proportion of about 3:2. Interestingly, the glabrous nipple and areolar skin were only weakly represented--or not demonstrably represented--in the SI map of either lactating or control rats. These results indicate that there is a largely unstudied cortical neurology of nursing behavior. Major CNS changes are induced by this dramatic, episodic change in behaviorally important tactile inputs. In turn, input-induced changes presumably contribute to this emergent, rapidly evolving behavior.