Professionally applied topical fluoride should be used judiciously and is indicated only in patients with moderate or high caries activity. While the anti-caries effectiveness of acidulated phosphate fluoride gels has been clinically documented, the 2% neutral NaF gel has not been adequately tested, and further clinical verification is needed. Daily use of a self-applied fluoride gel is recommended for patients undergoing orthodontic treatment or to those affected with xerostomia as a result of disease or head and neck radiation therapy. The dental profession and the public should be well informed on the proper use of clinically proven products to achieve optimum effectiveness and minimize the risk of fluoride ingestion.