Self-handicapping and intrinsic motivation: buffering intrinsic motivation from the threat of failure

J Pers Soc Psychol. 1996 Apr;70(4):868-76. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.70.4.868.

Abstract

High and low self-handicappers (as measured by E. E. Jones & F. Rhodewalt's [1982] Self-Handicapping Scale) were asked to play a game of pinball (in a competitive or noncompetitive setting) after they had practices as much as they wanted on a related task (thus, not practicing could have served as a self-handicap). High self-handicappers who did not practice much became more involved in the game and subsequently reported enjoying the game more than high self-handicappers who practiced a lot. Furthermore, the effects on enjoyment were mediated by task involvement, suggesting that the protection afforded by self-handicapping affects intrinsic motivation by allowing the individual to become absorbed in the activity instead of focusing on performance concerns. Individuals who self-handicap may be providing themselves with the "breathing room" they need to become absorbed in an activity and to experience the activity as enjoyable.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial
  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Achievement*
  • Adult
  • Competitive Behavior
  • Defense Mechanisms*
  • Humans
  • Individuality
  • Internal-External Control*
  • Male
  • Motivation*
  • Personality Inventory
  • Practice, Psychological*
  • Psychomotor Performance
  • Self Concept