Temporomandibular pain and dysfunction syndrome. History, physical examination, and treatment

Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1996 Aug;22(3):477-98. doi: 10.1016/s0889-857x(05)70283-0.

Abstract

A stepwise method for treating TMPDS is presented. Step 1-start patient on a regimen of chloroethane or chlorofluorocarbon spray and exercise. Step 1A--if a clicking joint is the chief complaint, start with click exercise. Step 1B--if restricted mouth opening is the chief complaint, start with range of motion exercise; employ exercises sequentially, not simultaneously. Step 2--if pain is moderate to severe, start with amitriptyline 10 mg at bedtime, increasing the dose in 10-mg increments to 40 mg. Step 3--for nonresponders, add injections of tender points with lidocaine and consider a trial of a different tricyclic. Step 4--for nonresponders, consider a trial of tender point injections combining dexamethasone with local anesthetic. Start by injecting the three most painful tender points with 0.5 mL of a solution of 1 mg of dexamethasone combined with two thirds bupivacaine and one third lidocaine to reach the desired volume. Repeat injections, varying the sites as required. Do this once weekly for 4 to 6 weeks for an adequate trial. This regimen can be continued for an extended period of time with appropriate precautions in place. The value of judgment-free psychosocial support cannot be overemphasized. Patients with TMPDS are faced with long-term problems of pain management. An understanding clinician can provide the sustained support required to prevent the cycle of ever more invasive treatments with their potential for harm.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Humans
  • Medical Illustration
  • Pain*
  • Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome* / diagnosis
  • Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome* / physiopathology
  • Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome* / therapy
  • Temporomandibular Joint*