Abstract
T cell activation is negatively regulated by cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and the killer cell inhibitory receptors. Endocytosis and signaling of CTLA-4 are regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation. While T cell activation is mediated by phosphorylation of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs and tyrosine kinases, inhibitory signals are delivered by tyrosine phosphatases. Unresponsiveness is also induced by modulation of signaling components of the T cell receptor complex.
MeSH terms
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Abatacept
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Animals
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Antigens, CD
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Antigens, Differentiation / genetics
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Antigens, Differentiation / physiology*
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CTLA-4 Antigen
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Consensus Sequence
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Cytokines / physiology
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Endocytosis
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Gene Expression Regulation
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Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte
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Humans
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Immunoconjugates*
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Killer Cells, Natural / immunology
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Lymphocyte Activation / drug effects
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Lymphocyte Activation / physiology*
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Lysosomes / physiology
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Models, Immunological
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Oxidation-Reduction
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Phosphorylation
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Protein Processing, Post-Translational
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Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / physiology
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Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / immunology
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Receptors, Cytokine / physiology
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Receptors, Immunologic / physiology
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Receptors, KIR
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T-Lymphocytes / drug effects
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T-Lymphocytes / immunology*
Substances
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Antigens, CD
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Antigens, Differentiation
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CTLA-4 Antigen
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CTLA4 protein, human
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Cytokines
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Immunoconjugates
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Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
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Receptors, Cytokine
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Receptors, Immunologic
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Receptors, KIR
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Abatacept
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Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases