Disruption of oxygen homeostasis, resulting from an imbalance between O2 supply and demand during malignant proliferation, leads to the development of hypoxic tumor microenvironments that promote the acquisition of aggressive cancer cell phenotypes linked to metastasis and patient mortality. In this review, the mechanistic links between tumor hypoxia and metastatic progression are presented. Current status and perspectives of targeting hypoxia signaling pathways as a strategy to halt cancer cell metastatic activities are emphasized.
Keywords: Cancer; HIFs; Hypoxia; Invasion; Metastasis; Migration; UPR.
Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.