Addressing the genetic/nongenetic duality in cancer with systems biology

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA; Department of Systems Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
• ² Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
• ³ Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
• ⁴ Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
• ⁵ Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
• ⁶ T.T. and W.F. Chao Center for BRAIN Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA; Department of Neurosciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.
• ⁷ Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Bioinformatics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
• ⁸ Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
• ⁹ Department of Mathematics, University of Chicago, IL, USA.
• ¹⁰ Mathematical Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 5777 East Mayo Boulevard, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
• ¹¹ Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
• ¹² Integrative Genomics Core, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
• ¹³ Shraman Foundation, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Dallas, TX, USA.
• ¹⁴ Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA. Electronic address: rsalgia@coh.org.