Structural alteration of cofactor specificity in Corynebacterium 2,5-diketo-D-gluconic acid reductase

Protein Sci. 2004 Feb;13(2):504-12. doi: 10.1110/ps.03450704. Epub 2004 Jan 10.

Abstract

Corynebacterium 2,5-Diketo-D-gluconic acid reductase (2,5-DKGR) catalyzes the reduction of 2,5-diketo-D-gluconic acid (2,5-DKG) to 2-Keto-L-gulonic acid (2-KLG). 2-KLG is an immediate precursor to L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and 2,5-DKGR is, therefore, an important enzyme in a novel industrial method for the production of vitamin C. 2,5-DKGR, as with most other members of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily, exhibits a preference for NADPH compared to NADH as a cofactor in the stereo-specific reduction of substrate. The application of 2,5-DKGR in the industrial production of vitamin C would be greatly enhanced if NADH could be efficiently utilized as a cofactor. A mutant form of 2,5-DKGR has previously been identified that exhibits two orders of magnitude higher activity with NADH in comparison to the wild-type enzyme, while retaining a high level of activity with NADPH. We report here an X-ray crystal structure of the holo form of this mutant in complex with NADH cofactor, as well as thermodynamic stability data. By comparing the results to our previously reported X-ray structure of the holo form of wild-type 2,5-DKGR in complex with NADPH, the structural basis of the differential NAD(P)H selectivity of wild-type and mutant 2,5-DKGR enzymes has been identified.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Circular Dichroism
  • Coenzymes / chemistry
  • Coenzymes / metabolism*
  • Corynebacterium / enzymology*
  • Crystallography, X-Ray
  • Gluconates / metabolism
  • Models, Molecular
  • Molecular Structure
  • NAD / metabolism
  • NADP / metabolism
  • Protein Conformation
  • Protein Denaturation
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Substrate Specificity
  • Sugar Alcohol Dehydrogenases / chemistry
  • Sugar Alcohol Dehydrogenases / genetics
  • Sugar Alcohol Dehydrogenases / metabolism*
  • Thermodynamics

Substances

  • Coenzymes
  • Gluconates
  • NAD
  • NADP
  • 2,5-diketogluconate
  • Sugar Alcohol Dehydrogenases
  • 2,5-diketo-D-gluconate 5-reductase