The predominant source of human exposure to radio frequency radiation (RFR) occurs through usage of cellular phone handsets. The Food and Drug Administration nominated cell phone RFR emission for toxicology and carcinogenicity testing in 1999. At that time, animal experiments were deemed crucial because meaningful human exposure health data from epidemiological studies were not available. Male and female Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD) rats were exposed to time-averaged whole-body specific absorption rates of Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)- or Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)-modulated cell phone RFR at 900 MHz in utero, during lactation, and after weaning for 28 days or 2 years. Genetic toxicology studies were conducted in rat peripheral blood erythrocytes and leukocytes, brain cells, and liver cells. (Abstract Abridged).
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