A novel ubiquitously expressed alpha-latrotoxin receptor is a member of the CIRL family of G-protein-coupled receptors

J Biol Chem. 1999 Feb 26;274(9):5491-8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.274.9.5491.

Abstract

Poisoning with alpha-latrotoxin, a neurotoxic protein from black widow spider venom, results in a robust increase of spontaneous synaptic transmission and subsequent degeneration of affected nerve terminals. The neurotoxic action of alpha-latrotoxin involves extracellular binding to its high affinity receptors as a first step. One of these proteins, CIRL, is a neuronal G-protein-coupled receptor implicated in the regulation of secretion. We now demonstrate that CIRL has two close homologs with a similar domain structure and high degree of overall identity. These novel receptors, which we propose to name CIRL-2 and CIRL-3, together with CIRL (CIRL-1) belong to a recently identified subfamily of large orphan receptors with structural features typical of both G-protein-coupled receptors and cell adhesion proteins. Northern blotting experiments indicate that CIRL-2 is expressed ubiquitously with highest concentrations found in placenta, kidney, spleen, ovary, heart, and lung, whereas CIRL-3 is expressed predominantly in brain similarly to CIRL-1. It appears that CIRL-2 can also bind alpha-latrotoxin, although its affinity to the toxin is about 14 times less than that of CIRL-1. When overexpressed in chromaffin cells, CIRL-2 increases their sensitivity to alpha-latrotoxin stimulation but also inhibits Ca2+-regulated secretion. Thus, CIRL-2 is a functionally competent receptor of alpha-latrotoxin. Our findings suggest that although the nervous system is the primary target of low doses of alpha-latrotoxin, cells of other tissues are also susceptible to the toxic effects of alpha-latrotoxin because of the presence of CIRL-2, a low affinity receptor of the toxin.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Animals
  • Cell Line
  • Chromaffin Cells / metabolism
  • Cloning, Molecular
  • DNA Primers
  • DNA, Complementary
  • GTP-Binding Proteins / metabolism*
  • Humans
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Protein Binding
  • Rats
  • Receptors, Peptide / chemistry
  • Receptors, Peptide / genetics
  • Receptors, Peptide / metabolism*
  • Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Substances

  • DNA Primers
  • DNA, Complementary
  • Receptors, Peptide
  • alpha-latrotoxin receptor
  • GTP-Binding Proteins

Associated data

  • GENBANK/AF063102
  • GENBANK/AF063103