The application of molecular and modern cell biological techniques is beginning to show that the classical picture of the meiotic process is an oversimplification. The comparison of different species and analysis of mutants have recently demonstrated that many of the features previously thought to be an integral part of meiosis can be altered in their timing or even entirely dispensed with. In plants, differences in the meiotic pathway have been observed, by using methods for 3-D optical imaging, between the polyploids maize and wheat. The fact that two such closely related species differ may be the result of different mechanisms for dealing with polyploidy or may be species differences, but shows that a detailed understanding of the process in the particular species of interest is necessary.