The microbiologic effect of digital cervical examination

Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999 Mar;180(3 Pt 1):578-80. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(99)70257-7.

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether digital examination introduces vaginal organisms into the cervix.

Study design: Thirty-five women with reported ruptured membranes at >/=34 weeks' gestation underwent a sterile speculum examination and a standardized semiqualitative, semiquantitative endocervical culture before and immediately after digital cervical examination.

Results: Cultures taken before digital examination demonstrated a mean of 2.8 +/- 1.7 different types of organisms, whereas cultures taken after digital examination demonstrated a mean of 4.4 +/- 1.5 different types of organisms (P <.0001). Twenty-eight patients (80%) had heavier growth or a greater number of different organisms in the postexamination culture than in the pre-examination culture. The state of the fetal membranes (ruptured as opposed to intact) did not alter these relationships.

Conclusion: An immediate effect of digital examination is the introduction of vaginal organisms into the cervical canal.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Cervix Uteri / microbiology*
  • Female
  • Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture / microbiology*
  • Humans
  • Obstetrics* / methods
  • Physical Examination / adverse effects*
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / microbiology*