Abstract
We systematically evaluated multiple and recombinant infections in an HIV-infected population selected for vaccine trials. Seventy-nine HIV-1 infected persons in a clinical cohort study in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were evaluated for 1 year. A combination of molecular screening assays and DNA sequencing showed 3 dual infections (3.8%), 6 recombinant infections (7.6%), and 70 (88.6%) infections involving single viral subtypes. In the three dual infections, we identified HIV-1 subtypes F and B, F and D, and B and D; in contrast, the single and recombinant infections involved only HIV-1 subtypes B and F. The recombinants had five distinct B/F mosaic patterns: Bgag-p17/Bgag-p24/Fpol/Benv, Fgag-p17/Bgag-p24/Fpol/Fenv, Bgag-p17/B-Fgag-p24/Fpol/Fenv, Bgag-p17/B-Fgag-p24/Fpol/Benv, and Fgag-p17/B-Fgag-p24/Fpol/Fenv. No association was found between dual or recombinant infections and demographic or clinical variables. These findings indicate that dual and recombinant infections are emerging as an integral part of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Brazil and emphasize the heterogenous character of epidemics emerging in countries where multiple viral subtypes coexist.
MeSH terms
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Adult
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Base Sequence
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Brazil / epidemiology
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Cloning, Molecular
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Cohort Studies
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DNA, Viral / analysis
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Disease Outbreaks
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Female
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Gene Products, env / genetics
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Gene Products, gag / genetics
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HIV Infections / diagnosis
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HIV Infections / epidemiology
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HIV Infections / virology*
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HIV Protease / genetics
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HIV-1 / classification
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HIV-1 / genetics*
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Humans
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Male
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Middle Aged
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Molecular Sequence Data
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Phylogeny
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Polymerase Chain Reaction / methods
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Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
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Prospective Studies
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Recombination, Genetic / genetics*
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Sensitivity and Specificity
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Sequence Analysis, DNA
Substances
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DNA, Viral
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Gene Products, env
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Gene Products, gag
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HIV Protease
Associated data
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GENBANK/AF079986
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GENBANK/AF079987
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GENBANK/AF079988
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GENBANK/AF079989
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GENBANK/AF079991
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GENBANK/AF079994
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GENBANK/AF079995
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GENBANK/AF079996
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GENBANK/AF099155
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GENBANK/AF099156
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GENBANK/AF099157
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GENBANK/AF099158
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GENBANK/AF099159
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GENBANK/AF099160
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GENBANK/AF099161
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GENBANK/AF099162
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GENBANK/AF099163
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GENBANK/AF099164
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GENBANK/AF099165
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GENBANK/AF099166
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GENBANK/AF099167
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GENBANK/AF099168
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GENBANK/AF099169
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GENBANK/AF099170
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GENBANK/AF099171
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GENBANK/AF113560
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GENBANK/AF113561
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GENBANK/AF113562
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GENBANK/AF113563
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GENBANK/AF113564