A collaborative study was undertaken by members of the International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment (INAHTA). The evidence of the effectiveness of bone density measurement and selected treatments in preventing fractures in later life was reviewed. There was fair evidence that bone density measurement can predict risk of fractures and that hormone replacement therapy and intranasal salmon calcitonin preserve bone mass and decrease the risk of fractures. However, it was estimated that only 1-7% of hip fractures would be prevented if these technologies were used in a screening program for menopausal women. Results of the assessment were endorsed by 13 INAHTA members, disseminated widely and provided input to policy and further work in this area. The project demonstrated the feasibility of international collaborative health technology assessment.