AD is a major public health problem, and demographic trends have led to its being called the epidemic of the century. Because of increased longevity and the special challenges of ERT, women are well placed to both be at risk for and the beneficiaries of advances in AD therapy. Overall increases in health consciousness may impact future AD risk, and it is encouraging that women frequently outnumber men in clinical trials of new therapeutic agents in AD. The risk of AD from environmental exposures in the overall life experiences of women is unclear. To the extent that education and work promote the development of brain areas such as the association cortex that are preferentially affected in AD, creating a neuronal reserve, advances in women's overall place in society may further help protect them from the ravages of AD.