Abstract
The past year has seen significant advances in our understanding of the role of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) in regulating T cell activation and tolerance. Recent studies indicate that CTLA-4 not only counterbalances CD28 signals but also can inhibit T cell responses independently of CD28. Recent work has also revealed a role for CTLA-4 in regulating Th1/Th2 differentiation. Manipulation of CTLA-4 in animal models of autoimmunity has shown that CTLA-4 regulates both the initiation and the progression of autoimmune diseases.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
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Review
MeSH terms
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Abatacept
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Animals
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Antigens, CD / metabolism
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Antigens, Differentiation / metabolism*
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Apoptosis
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Autoimmunity
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B7-1 Antigen / metabolism
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B7-2 Antigen
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CD28 Antigens / metabolism
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CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology
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CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology
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CTLA-4 Antigen
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Cell Differentiation
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Cell Division
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Humans
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Immune Tolerance
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Immunoconjugates*
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Ligands
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Lymphocyte Activation
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Membrane Glycoproteins / metabolism
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Receptors, Immunologic / metabolism
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Signal Transduction
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T-Lymphocytes / cytology
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T-Lymphocytes / immunology*
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Thymus Gland / growth & development
Substances
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Antigens, CD
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Antigens, Differentiation
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B7-1 Antigen
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B7-2 Antigen
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CD28 Antigens
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CD86 protein, human
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CTLA-4 Antigen
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CTLA4 protein, human
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Immunoconjugates
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Ligands
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Membrane Glycoproteins
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Receptors, Immunologic
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Abatacept