Historically, praying mantids have attracted attention because of their dramatic prey capture behavior, loosely termed the strike. However, little is known about the neuromuscular organization that underpins the behavior. Although once thought to be quite stereotyped, recent data indicate that the strike is quite plastic and can be aimed accurately within a relatively large three-dimensional space. Hence, successful prey capture requires the integration of (1) visual information, indicating prey has been recognized; and (2) proprioceptive information, indicating head and prothorax (i.e., visual field) position and initial leg positions. This study was undertaken as part of a larger program examining how such sensory information is integrated with the appropriate motor systems. Our goals were (1) to describe the gross thoracic and foreleg neuromuscular system of Sphodromantis lineola and (2) to identify the soma locations of the motor neurons associated with the largest leg nerve, N4, which travels the length of each leg. We found that the thoracic and foreleg neuromusculature of S. lineola are similar but not identical to what is known about just three other species of mantid, and that motor neuron somata associated with N4 are arranged in stereotypical, bilaterally symmetrical groups as they are in other orthopteroids, suggesting that this is a general organizational feature of the insect CNS.