The most recent data used for monitoring the potential effects of bed closures in Winnipeg hospitals since 1992/93 found that despite downsizing, access to care was by no means compromised. Just as many patients were cared for in 1995/96 as in 1991/92. Changes in patterns of care included more outpatient and fewer inpatient surgeries, and a decrease in the number of hospital days. The number of high-profile surgical procedures, such as angioplasty, bypass, and cataract surgery, performed increased dramatically during downsizing. Quality of care delivered to patients, measured by mortality and readmission rates, was unaffected by bed closures. Of particular concern was the impact of downsizing on the two most vulnerable health groups--the elderly and Manitobans in the lowest income group. Access and quality of care for these groups also remained unchanged. However, those in the lowest income group spent almost 43% more days in hospital than those in the middle income group, and research demonstrates that these variations in hospital use across socioeconomic groups reflect real and important health differences and are not driven by social reasons for admissions. Finally, a large decrease in waiting time for nursing home placement underlines the relationship between downsizing and availability of alternatives to hospitalization.