Abstract
Immunization of mice by the intranasal route with influenza virus hemagglutinin in combination with the mutant Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin R72 (LT-R72) induced significantly enhanced serum and mucosal antibodies, surpassing, in most cases, responses achieved by traditional intramuscular immunization using inactivated split influenza vaccine. Furthermore, intranasal immunization with LT-R72 induced a potent serum immunoglobulin G2a response, indicating that this adjuvant has Th1 character.
MeSH terms
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Administration, Intranasal
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Animals
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Antibodies, Bacterial / biosynthesis*
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Bacterial Toxins / administration & dosage
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Bacterial Toxins / immunology*
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Enterotoxins / administration & dosage
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Enterotoxins / immunology*
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Escherichia coli Proteins*
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Female
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Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
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Immunization
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Immunoglobulin A / biosynthesis
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Immunoglobulin G / biosynthesis
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Immunoglobulin G / classification
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Influenza Vaccines / administration & dosage
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Influenza Vaccines / immunology*
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Injections, Intramuscular
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Mice
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Mice, Inbred BALB C
Substances
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Antibodies, Bacterial
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Bacterial Toxins
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Enterotoxins
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Escherichia coli Proteins
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Immunoglobulin A
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Immunoglobulin G
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Influenza Vaccines
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heat-labile enterotoxin, E coli