Episodic hyperglycaemia in pregnant women with well-controlled Type 1 diabetes mellitus: a major potential factor underlying macrosomia

Diabet Med. 1999 Aug;16(8):702-6. doi: 10.1046/j.1464-5491.1999.00131.x.

Abstract

Aims: To test the common assumption that pregnant women who are sufficiently motivated to achieve very good HbA1c levels will record home blood glucose data accurately.

Methods: A new device was used to download information from electronic blood glucose meters to assess the extent of selectivity in patient glucose diary-keeping.

Results: In an index case, a woman with excellent ambient HbA1c (5.9%; upper limit of normal 6.1%) was observed to have 68% of preprandial blood glucose readings above the target range of 3.5-6.5 mmol/l and a mean (+/- SD) level of 8.9+/-3.9 mmol/l in the corresponding period. No such impression was conveyed by the home monitoring diary. Six pregnant women with well controlled Type 1 diabetes (mean HbA1c 6.6+/-0.2%) exhibited between 42 and 68% of preprandial readings above the target range.

Conclusions: The frequency of hyperglycaemia has hitherto been underestimated in well controlled pregnant women whose near-perfect home monitoring record is apparently corroborated by near-normal HbA1c levels. These observations provide a hypothesis for understanding of the disappointing continuance of macrosomia despite excellent HbA1c levels throughout pregnancy.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Birth Weight
  • Blood Glucose / metabolism*
  • Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring*
  • Circadian Rhythm / physiology*
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / blood*
  • Female
  • Fetal Macrosomia / epidemiology*
  • Glycated Hemoglobin / analysis*
  • Humans
  • Hyperglycemia / complications*
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy in Diabetics / blood*
  • Risk Factors

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • Blood Glucose
  • Glycated Hemoglobin A