Dr. Neil Goldsworthy had a profound effect on the development of dental research in the biological sciences in Australia, including measures for the prevention of dental caries. He played a major role in the establishment of the Institute of Dental Research in Sydney in 1946 and was Director until his sudden death in 1960. Reviewing the Institute's activities provides the opportunity for his achievements to receive due recognition and to show how they influenced its subsequent development. As one who has been associated with the Institute for most of the last 50 years, it is an honor for me to undertake this task.