Background: Investigations of adult patients have demonstrated that with seroconversion, changes occur from wild-type strains of the infecting virus to mutant strains. However, to date, there have been few reports and insufficient investigation of this issue in children.
Methods: The presence or absence of nucleotide base and amino acid sequence mutations in a portion of the X region containing the core promoter region, the pre-C region, and the C region of HBV genomic DNA were investigated using a polymerase chain reaction-direct sequencing method on serum samples collected from 14 children who were hepatitis Be antibody (HBeAb)-positive carriers. Samples from three children who were HBe antigen (HBeAg)-positive carriers served as the control subjects.
Results: When patients were grouped based on whether they had had documented seroconversion before age 6 or at age 6 or older, differences in mutant viral detection rates involving the core promoter region and the pre-C region were apparent. Specifically, a mutant strain showing a G-to-A substitution at nucleotide 83 in the pre-C region, or a mutant strain showing an A-to-T substitution at nucleotide 1762 and a G-to-A substitution at nucleotide 1764, was detected in only two of eight cases (25%) from the HBeAb-positive carriers with documented seroconversion before age 6. In contrast, these findings were present in six of six patients (100%) with documented seroconversion at age 6 or older.
Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that the mechanism of onset of HBeAb seroconversion differs between children aged less than 6 years and those who are aged 6 or more.