This study was performed to determine the degree of shrinkage over time in nipple projection after reconstruction. Nipple-areolar reconstruction was performed using the modified Anton-Hartrampf technique, and pigmentation was achieved with tattooing. This study looked at 28 consecutive patients with nipple reconstruction performed at The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center of the Penn State Geisinger Health Systems between September 1989 and November 1993. Two patients were lost to follow-up and 3 patients died of breast cancer. Thus, 23 patients and a total of 32 nipples were investigated. Initial measurements of nipple projection were taken 2 weeks postoperatively. Patients were followed an average of 38.7 months (range, 11-66 months). Ten patients (18 nipples) had tissue expansion and implantation for breast mound reconstruction. Thirteen patients (14 nipples) had autologous breast mound reconstruction. The mean decrease in projection of the tissue expansion and implantation group was 76.7+/-9.7%. The mean decrease in projection of the autologous reconstruction group was 64.3+/-12.1%. The mean decrease in projection for the entire group was 71.3+/-21.9%. Comparison between the two groups using a two-sample t-test showed p = 0.0047. The authors concluded that there is a significant reduction in nipple projection over time using the modified Anton-Hartrampf technique regardless of the type of breast mound reconstruction. In addition, their results also indicated that nipple projection on the breast mound reconstructed with an autologous musculocutaneous flap technique achieved a better long-term outcome. This study is potentially helpful in planning the initial size of the reconstructed nipple papule to match the opposite normal nipple. Additional studies need to be performed on other types of nipple-areolar reconstruction.