Abstract
5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) catalyzes the two-step conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotriene A4 (LTA4). The first step consists of the oxidation of arachidonic acid to the unstable intermediate 5-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HPETE), and the second step is the dehydration of 5-HPETE to form LTA4. These events are the first committed reactions leading to the synthesis of all leukotrienes and play a critical role in controlling leukotriene production. 5-LO has evolved many complex structural features and regulatory mechanisms to allow it to fulfill this highly specialized role. The biology of 5-LO is reviewed here with an emphasis on enzymatic function, protein and gene structure, essential cofactors, and the many regulatory mechanisms controlling its expression.
MeSH terms
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Adenosine Triphosphate / physiology
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Allosteric Regulation
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Animals
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Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase / chemistry
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Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase / genetics
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Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase / physiology*
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Arachidonic Acid / metabolism
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Calcium / physiology
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Enzyme Activation
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Enzyme Induction
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Genes
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Humans
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Iron / physiology
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Isoenzymes / chemistry
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Isoenzymes / genetics
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Isoenzymes / physiology*
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Leukotriene A4 / biosynthesis
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Leukotrienes / biosynthesis
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Leukotrienes / metabolism
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Lipoxygenase Inhibitors / pharmacology
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Mutation
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Neoplasm Proteins / physiology
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Organ Specificity
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Oxidation-Reduction
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Phosphorylation
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Promoter Regions, Genetic
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Protein Processing, Post-Translational
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Transcription Factors / physiology
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Transcription, Genetic
Substances
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Isoenzymes
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Leukotriene A4
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Leukotrienes
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Lipoxygenase Inhibitors
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Neoplasm Proteins
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Transcription Factors
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Arachidonic Acid
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arachidonic acid 5-hydroperoxide
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Adenosine Triphosphate
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Iron
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Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase
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Calcium